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Help centerFeaturesUpdated May 2026 · 4 min read

Understanding citations

What a citation means, how to verify it, and what happens when we can't ground a claim.

What a citation contains

Every claim in an answer is footnoted to a specific page and paragraph in the source document. The citation includes:

  • Page number — exact PDF page
  • Paragraph index — which paragraph on that page
  • Section heading — for context
  • Verified status — green checkmark if our grounding model verified the citation

Clicking a citation

Click any footnote ¹ in the chat to scroll the PDF viewer to the cited paragraph. The paragraph is highlighted with our iridescent border so you can see exactly what was referenced.

What 'verified' means

A green ✓ next to a citation means our grounding model independently confirmed that the cited paragraph actually contains the claim. Citations without ✓ are confident but not double-checked — usually because the claim is straightforward (e.g., a date or a name).

When we say 'I don't know'

If a question can't be grounded in the document, we tell you. This is called calibrated refusal — we'd rather pass than make something up. Our refusal rate is ~4%; 96% of refusals are correct (the document genuinely doesn't contain the answer).